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Deuteronomy 33:17

The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)

لا توجد ترجمة بهذه اللغة بعد؛ تُعرض English.

33

1 וְזֹ֣את הַבְּרָכָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר בֵּרַ֥ךְ מֹשֶׁ֛ה אִ֥ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לִפְנֵ֖י מוֹתֽוֹ׃ And this is the blessing wherewith Moses the man of God blessed the children of Israel before his death.
2 וַיֹּאמַ֗ר יְהֹוָ֞ה מִסִּינַ֥י בָּא֙ וְזָרַ֤ח מִשֵּׂעִיר֙ לָ֔מוֹ הוֹפִ֙יעַ֙ מֵהַ֣ר פָּארָ֔ן וְאָתָ֖ה מֵרִבְבֹ֣ת קֹ֑דֶשׁ מִימִינ֕וֹ (אשדת) [אֵ֥שׁ דָּ֖ת] לָֽמוֹ׃ And he said: The LORD came from Sinai, And rose from Seir unto them; He shined forth from mount Paran, And He came from the myriads holy, At His right hand was a fiery law unto them.
3 אַ֚ף חֹבֵ֣ב עַמִּ֔ים כׇּל־קְדֹשָׁ֖יו בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְהֵם֙ תֻּכּ֣וּ לְרַגְלֶ֔ךָ יִשָּׂ֖א מִדַּבְּרֹתֶֽיךָ׃ Yea, He loveth the peoples, All His holy ones—they are in Thy hand; And they sit down at Thy feet, Receiving of Thy words.
4 תּוֹרָ֥ה צִוָּה־לָ֖נוּ מֹשֶׁ֑ה מוֹרָשָׁ֖ה קְהִלַּ֥ת יַעֲקֹֽב׃ Moses commanded us a law, An inheritance of the congregation of Jacob.
5 וַיְהִ֥י בִישֻׁר֖וּן מֶ֑לֶךְ בְּהִתְאַסֵּף֙ רָ֣אשֵׁי עָ֔ם יַ֖חַד שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ And there was a king in Jeshurun, When the heads of the people were gathered, All the tribes of Israel together.
6 יְחִ֥י רְאוּבֵ֖ן וְאַל־יָמֹ֑ת וִיהִ֥י מְתָ֖יו מִסְפָּֽר׃ {ס}         Let Reuben live, and not die In that his men become few.
7 וְזֹ֣את לִיהוּדָה֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ שְׁמַ֤ע יְהֹוָה֙ ק֣וֹל יְהוּדָ֔ה וְאֶל־עַמּ֖וֹ תְּבִיאֶ֑נּוּ יָדָיו֙ רָ֣ב ל֔וֹ וְעֵ֥זֶר מִצָּרָ֖יו תִּהְיֶֽה׃ {פ}
 And this for Judah, and he said: Hear, LORD, the voice of Judah, And bring him in unto his people; His hands shall contend for him, And Thou shalt be a help against his adversaries.
8 וּלְלֵוִ֣י אָמַ֔ר תֻּמֶּ֥יךָ וְאוּרֶ֖יךָ לְאִ֣ישׁ חֲסִידֶ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִסִּיתוֹ֙ בְּמַסָּ֔ה תְּרִיבֵ֖הוּ עַל־מֵ֥י מְרִיבָֽה׃ And of Levi he said: Thy Thummim and Thy Urim be with Thy holy one, Whom Thou didst prove at Massah, With whom Thou didst strive at the waters of Meribah;
9 הָאֹמֵ֞ר לְאָבִ֤יו וּלְאִמּוֹ֙ לֹ֣א רְאִיתִ֔יו וְאֶת־אֶחָיו֙ לֹ֣א הִכִּ֔יר וְאֶת־בָּנָ֖ו לֹ֣א יָדָ֑ע כִּ֤י שָֽׁמְרוּ֙ אִמְרָתֶ֔ךָ וּבְרִיתְךָ֖ יִנְצֹֽרוּ׃ Who said of his father, and of his mother: ‘I have not seen him’; Neither did he acknowledge his brethren, Nor knew he his own children; For they have observed Thy word, And keep Thy covenant.
10 יוֹר֤וּ מִשְׁפָּטֶ֙יךָ֙ לְיַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וְתוֹרָתְךָ֖ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יָשִׂ֤ימוּ קְטוֹרָה֙ בְּאַפֶּ֔ךָ וְכָלִ֖יל עַֽל־מִזְבְּחֶֽךָ׃ They shall teach Jacob Thine ordinances, And Israel Thy law; They shall put incense before Thee, And whole burnt-offering upon Thine altar. .
11 בָּרֵ֤ךְ יְהֹוָה֙ חֵיל֔וֹ וּפֹ֥עַל יָדָ֖יו תִּרְצֶ֑ה מְחַ֨ץ מׇתְנַ֧יִם קָמָ֛יו וּמְשַׂנְאָ֖יו מִן־יְקוּמֽוּן׃ {ס}         Bless, LORD, his substance, And accept the work of his hands; Smite through the loins of them that rise up against him, And of them that hate him, that they rise not again.
12 לְבִנְיָמִ֣ן אָמַ֔ר יְדִ֣יד יְהֹוָ֔ה יִשְׁכֹּ֥ן לָבֶ֖טַח עָלָ֑יו חֹפֵ֤ף עָלָיו֙ כׇּל־הַיּ֔וֹם וּבֵ֥ין כְּתֵפָ֖יו שָׁכֵֽן׃ {ס}         Of Benjamin he said: The beloved of the LORD shall dwell in safety by Him; He covereth him all the day, And He dwelleth between his shoulders.
13 וּלְיוֹסֵ֣ף אָמַ֔ר מְבֹרֶ֥כֶת יְהֹוָ֖ה אַרְצ֑וֹ מִמֶּ֤גֶד שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ מִטָּ֔ל וּמִתְּה֖וֹם רֹבֶ֥צֶת תָּֽחַת׃ And of Joseph he said: Blessed of the LORD be his land; For the precious things of heaven, for the dew, And for the deep that coucheth beneath,
14 וּמִמֶּ֖גֶד תְּבוּאֹ֣ת שָׁ֑מֶשׁ וּמִמֶּ֖גֶד גֶּ֥רֶשׁ יְרָחִֽים׃ And for the precious things of the fruits of the sun, And for the precious things of the yield of the moons,
15 וּמֵרֹ֖אשׁ הַרְרֵי־קֶ֑דֶם וּמִמֶּ֖גֶד גִּבְע֥וֹת עוֹלָֽם׃ And for the tops of the ancient mountains, And for the precious things of the everlasting hills,
16 וּמִמֶּ֗גֶד אֶ֚רֶץ וּמְלֹאָ֔הּ וּרְצ֥וֹן שֹׁכְנִ֖י סְנֶ֑ה תָּב֙וֹאתָה֙ לְרֹ֣אשׁ יוֹסֵ֔ף וּלְקׇדְקֹ֖ד נְזִ֥יר אֶחָֽיו׃ And for the precious things of the earth and the fulness thereof, And the good will of Him that dwelt in the bush; Let the blessing come upon the head of Joseph, And upon the crown of the head of him that is prince among his brethren.
17 בְּכ֨וֹר שׁוֹר֜וֹ הָדָ֣ר ל֗וֹ וְקַרְנֵ֤י רְאֵם֙ קַרְנָ֔יו בָּהֶ֗ם עַמִּ֛ים יְנַגַּ֥ח יַחְדָּ֖ו אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְהֵם֙ רִבְב֣וֹת אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְהֵ֖ם אַלְפֵ֥י מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ {ס}         His firstling bullock, majesty is his; And his horns are the horns of the wild-ox; With them he shall gore the peoples all of them, even the ends of the earth; And they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, And they are the thousands of Manasseh.
18 וְלִזְבוּלֻ֣ן אָמַ֔ר שְׂמַ֥ח זְבוּלֻ֖ן בְּצֵאתֶ֑ךָ וְיִשָּׂשכָ֖ר בְּאֹהָלֶֽיךָ׃ And of Zebulun he said: Rejoice, Zebulun, in thy going out, And, Issachar, in thy tents.
19 עַמִּים֙ הַר־יִקְרָ֔אוּ שָׁ֖ם יִזְבְּח֣וּ זִבְחֵי־צֶ֑דֶק כִּ֣י שֶׁ֤פַע יַמִּים֙ יִינָ֔קוּ וּשְׂפֻנֵ֖י טְמ֥וּנֵי חֽוֹל׃ {ס}         They shall call peoples unto the mountain; There shall they offer sacrifices of righteousness; For they shall suck the abundance of the seas, And the hidden treasures of the sand.
20 וּלְגָ֣ד אָמַ֔ר בָּר֖וּךְ מַרְחִ֣יב גָּ֑ד כְּלָבִ֣יא שָׁכֵ֔ן וְטָרַ֥ף זְר֖וֹעַ אַף־קׇדְקֹֽד׃ And of Gad he said: Blessed be He that enlargeth Gad; He dwelleth as a lioness, And teareth the arm, yea, the crown of the head.
21 וַיַּ֤רְא רֵאשִׁית֙ ל֔וֹ כִּי־שָׁ֛ם חֶלְקַ֥ת מְחֹקֵ֖ק סָפ֑וּן וַיֵּתֵא֙ רָ֣אשֵׁי עָ֔ם צִדְקַ֤ת יְהֹוָה֙ עָשָׂ֔ה וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֖יו עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {ס}         And he chose a first part for himself, For there a portion of a ruler was reserved; And there came the heads of the people, He executed the righteousness of the LORD, And His ordinances with Israel. .
22 וּלְדָ֣ן אָמַ֔ר דָּ֖ן גּ֣וּר אַרְיֵ֑ה יְזַנֵּ֖ק מִן־הַבָּשָֽׁן׃ And of Dan he said: Dan is a lion’s whelp, That leapeth forth from Bashan.
23 וּלְנַפְתָּלִ֣י אָמַ֔ר נַפְתָּלִי֙ שְׂבַ֣ע רָצ֔וֹן וּמָלֵ֖א בִּרְכַּ֣ת יְהֹוָ֑ה יָ֥ם וְדָר֖וֹם יְרָֽשָׁה׃ {ס}         And of Naphtali he said: O Naphtali, satisfied with favour, And full with the blessing of the LORD: Possess thou the sea and the south.
24 וּלְאָשֵׁ֣ר אָמַ֔ר בָּר֥וּךְ מִבָּנִ֖ים אָשֵׁ֑ר יְהִ֤י רְצוּי֙ אֶחָ֔יו וְטֹבֵ֥ל בַּשֶּׁ֖מֶן רַגְלֽוֹ׃ And of Asher he said: Blessed be Asher above sons; Let him be the favoured of his brethren, And let him dip his foot in oil.
25 בַּרְזֶ֥ל וּנְחֹ֖שֶׁת מִנְעָלֶ֑ךָ וּכְיָמֶ֖יךָ דׇּבְאֶֽךָ׃ Iron and brass shall be thy bars; And as thy days, so shall thy strength be.
26 אֵ֥ין כָּאֵ֖ל יְשֻׁר֑וּן רֹכֵ֤ב שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ בְּעֶזְרֶ֔ךָ וּבְגַאֲוָת֖וֹ שְׁחָקִֽים׃ There is none like unto God, O Jeshurun, Who rideth upon the heaven as thy help, And in His excellency on the skies.
27 מְעֹנָהֿ֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵי קֶ֔דֶם וּמִתַּ֖חַת זְרֹעֹ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם וַיְגָ֧רֶשׁ מִפָּנֶ֛יךָ אוֹיֵ֖ב וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַשְׁמֵֽד׃ The eternal God is a dwelling-place, And underneath are the everlasting arms; And He thrust out the enemy from before thee, And said: ‘Destroy.’
28 וַיִּשְׁכֹּן֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל בֶּ֤טַח בָּדָד֙ עֵ֣ין יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ דָּגָ֣ן וְתִיר֑וֹשׁ אַף־שָׁמָ֖יו יַ֥עַרְפוּ טָֽל׃ And Israel dwelleth in safety, The fountain of Jacob alone, In a land of corn and wine; Yea, his heavens drop down dew.
29 אַשְׁרֶ֨יךָ*(בספרי תימן אַשְׁרֶ֨יךָ באל״ף גדולה) יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל מִ֣י כָמ֗וֹךָ עַ֚ם נוֹשַׁ֣ע בַּֽיהֹוָ֔ה מָגֵ֣ן עֶזְרֶ֔ךָ וַאֲשֶׁר־חֶ֖רֶב גַּאֲוָתֶ֑ךָ וְיִכָּחֲשׁ֤וּ אֹיְבֶ֙יךָ֙ לָ֔ךְ וְאַתָּ֖ה עַל־בָּמוֹתֵ֥ימוֹ תִדְרֹֽךְ׃ {ס}         Happy art thou, O Israel, who is like unto thee? A people saved by the LORD, The shield of thy help, And that is the sword of thy excellency! And thine enemies shall dwindle away before thee; And thou shalt tread upon their high places.

Miqra according to the Masorah · الترخيص: CC BY-SA · المصدر
The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917) · الترخيص: Public Domain · المصدر

كلمة بكلمة (Hebrew → English · Strong’s)

  1. בְּכ֨וֹרbᵉkôwrfirstborn
  2. שׁוֹר֜וֹshôwra bullock
  3. הָדָ֣רhâdârmagnificence
  4. ל֗וֹ
  5. וְקַרְנֵ֤יqerena horn
  6. רְאֵם֙rᵉʼêma wild bull
  7. קַרְנָ֔יוqerena horn
  8. בָּהֶ֗ם
  9. עַמִּ֛יםʻama people
  10. יְנַגַּ֥חnâgachto butt with the horns
  11. יַחְדָּ֖וyachada unit
  12. אַפְסֵיʼepheçcessation
  13. אָ֑רֶץʼeretsthe earth
  14. וְהֵם֙hêmthey
  15. רִבְב֣וֹתrᵉbâbâhabundance
  16. אֶפְרַ֔יִםʼEphrayimEphrajim
  17. וְהֵ֖םhêmthey
  18. אַלְפֵ֥יʼelephhence (the ox's head being the first let
  19. מְנַשֶּֽׁהMᵉnashshehMenashsheh

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (CC BY 4.0); Strong’s Hebrew Dictionary (CC BY-SA).

Deuteronomy 33:17 in every translation

English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

His firstborn ox, glory to him, and re’em’s horns are his horns, with which he will gore together peoples to the ends of the earth; and they are Ephraim’s myriads, and they are Menasheh’s thousands.’’

الترخيص: CC BY

English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

The grandeur [and kingdom] of his "ox" [(Joshua, who comes from Joseph and who conquered many kings)] is accorded him [see Numbers 27:20], and the horns of a re'em are his horns [i.e., they are as strong as those of an ox and beautiful as those of a re'em]. With them he shall gore peoples as one, the ends of the earth [i.e., thirty-one kings from the ends of the earth, (Eretz Yisrael being so desirable that there was no king who did not establish a seat in it)]. And they [the "gored ones"] are the ten thousands of Ephraim [i.e., those slain by Joshua, who came from Ephraim], and they are the thousands of Menasheh [i.e., those slain by Gideon in Midian (Judges 8:10)].

الترخيص: CC BY

עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah

בְּכ֨וֹר שׁוֹר֜וֹ הָדָ֣ר ל֗וֹ וְקַרְנֵ֤י רְאֵם֙ קַרְנָ֔יו בָּהֶ֗ם עַמִּ֛ים יְנַגַּ֥ח יַחְדָּ֖ו אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְהֵם֙ רִבְב֣וֹת אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְהֵ֖ם אַלְפֵ֥י מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ {ס}        

الترخيص: CC BY-SA

English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)

His firstling bullock, majesty is his; And his horns are the horns of the wild-ox; With them he shall gore the peoples all of them, even the ends of the earth; And they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, And they are the thousands of Manasseh.

الترخيص: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra

בְּכ֨וֹר שׁוֹר֜וֹ הָדָ֣ר ל֗וֹ וְקַרְנֵ֤י רְאֵם֙ קַרְנָ֔יו בָּהֶ֗ם עַמִּ֛ים יְנַגַּ֥ח יַחְדָּ֖ו אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְהֵם֙ רִבְב֣וֹת אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְהֵ֖ם אַלְפֵ֥י מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ (ס)

الترخيص: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Text Only

בכור שורו הדר לו וקרני ראם קרניו בהם עמים ינגח יחדו אפסי ארץ והם רבבות אפרים והם אלפי מנשה

الترخيص: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Nikkud

בְּכוֹר שׁוֹרוֹ הָדָר לוֹ וְקַרְנֵי רְאֵם קַרְנָיו בָּהֶם עַמִּים יְנַגַּח יַחְדָּו אַפְסֵי־אָרֶץ וְהֵם רִבְבוֹת אֶפְרַיִם וְהֵם אַלְפֵי מְנַשֶּׁה׃

الترخيص: Public Domain

ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]

זײַן ערשטגעבאָרענער אָקס, ער האָט פּראַכט, און הערנער פֿון אַ װיזלטיר זײַנען זײַנע הערנער; מיט זײ װעט ער שטױסן די פֿעלקער, די עקן פֿון דער ערד מיטאַנאַנדער; און דאָס זײַנען די צענטױזנטן פֿון אפֿרים, און דאָס זײַנען די טױזנטן פֿון מנשה.

الترخيص: CC0

Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]

Le taureau, son premier-né qu’il est majestueux! Ses cornes sont celles du reêm: avec elles il terrassera les peuples, tous ensemble jusqu’aux confins de la terre. L’une, ce sont les myriades d’Ephraïm, l’autre, les milliers de Manassé!"

الترخيص: Public Domain

Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]

Pierworodny jego cielec wspaniałości pełen, - rogami bawołu rogi jego; niemi ludy zbodzie, społem krańce ziemi: oto myriady Efraima, i oto tysiące Menaszy!" 

الترخيص: Public Domain

Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]

Ein majestätischer erstgeborener Stier! Seine Hörner gleichen denen Rëems, mit diesen stößt er die Völker allesamt, bis an die äußersten Grenzen des Landes; das sind die Myriaden Efraims und die Tausende Manasses.

الترخيص: Public Domain

Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]

Lia unuenaskita bovido estas belega, Kaj liaj kornoj estas kiel kornoj de bubalo; Per ili li kornobatos ĉiujn popolojn kune ĝis la randoj de la tero. Tio estas la dekmiloj de Efraim, Tio estas la miloj de Manase.

الترخيص: Public Domain

Commentary on Deuteronomy 33:17

Rashi

עברית

בכור שורו. יש בכור שהוא לשון גדלה ומלכות, שנאמר (תהלים פט, כח) אף אני בכור אתנהו, וכן (שמות ד, כה) בני בכורי ישראל: בכור. מלך היוצא ממנו והוא יהושע שכחו קשה כשור לכבש כמה מלכים:

הדר לו. נתון לו שנאמר (במדבר כז, כ) ונתתה מהודך עליו:

וקרני ראם קרניו. שור, כחו קשה, ואין קרניו נאות, אבל ראם, קרניו נאות, ואין כחו קשה, נתן ליהושע כחו של שור ויופי קרני ראם:

אפסי ארץ. שלשים ואחד מלכים אפשר שכלם מארץ ישראל היו, אלא אין לך כל מלך ושלטון שלא קנה לו פלטרין ואחזה בארץ ישראל, שחשובה לכלם היא, שנאמר (ירמיה ג, יט) נחלת צבי צבאות גוים:

והם רבבות אפרים. אותם המנגחים הם הרבבות שהרג יהושע, שבא מאפרים:

והם אלפי מנשה. הם האלפים שהרג גדעון במדין, שנאמר (שופטים ח, י) וזבח וצלמנע בקרקר וגו':

On Your Way · الترخيص: Public Domain · Full commentary on Sefaria

Targum Jonathan

English

The birthright had belonged to Reuben, but was taken from him and given to Joseph at the beginning; from thence comes the splendour of his glory and praise. For as it may not be that a man should work the ground with the firstling of his herd, so are not the children of Joseph to be reduced to servitude among the kingdoms; and as the reema pusheth with his horns the beasts of the wilderness, so will the sons of Joseph predominate together among the peoples in all the ends of the earth. Myriads will be slain in Gulgela by Hoshea bar Nun who hath arisen from the house of Ephraim, and thousands of the Midyance by Gideon bar Yoash who will be of the tribe of Menasheh.

The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · الترخيص: Public Domain · Full commentary on Sefaria

Ibn Ezra

English

glory denotes a vast panorama. The reference is to their great numbers.

the horns of a wild ox refers to their power.

the myriads of Ephraim as Yaaqov predicted [Genesis 48: 19].

Ibn Ezra on the Pentateuch; trans. by Jay F. Shachter · الترخيص: CC-BY · Full commentary on Sefaria

Ramban (Nachmanides)

English

B’CHOR’ (THE FIRSTLING) OF HIS BULLOCK, MAJESTY IS HIS. “B’chor (firstborn) is sometimes used to denote greatness and sovereignty, as it is said, I also will appoint him [David] first born. Similarly, Israel is My son, My first born. [Hence, this verse means:] The strength of the king who will come forth from him [Joseph] — namely, Joshua — will be as great as that of an ox to subdue many kings. And his horns are the horns of the wild-ox. The ox has great strength but its horns are not beautiful; the wild-ox, on the other hand, has beautiful horns but its strength is not great. Moses then ascribed to Joshua the strength of an ox and the beauty of the horns of the wild-ox. And they are the ten thousands of Ephraim — those who are gored are the myriads whom Joshua, a descendant of Ephraim, slew. And they are the thousands of Menasheh — the thousands whom Gideon [a descendant of Menasheh] slew of Midian, as it is said, Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor. Many thousands are enumerated there.”. All these — a total of 135,000 — were defeated by Gideon. Thus far the language of Rashi. But this interpretation leaves the verse in disorder. Since the expression his horns are the horns of the wild-ox is a description of the firstling of the bullock, namely Joshua, how could it be said that he [a descendant of Ephraim] gore with them [the horns] the thousands of Menasheh, the victims of Gideon [a descendant of Menasheh]? And the language of the Sifre is as follows: 353. “Since Scripture has not made clear to us how many Canaanites were slain by Joshua, it states Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor — all one hundred and thirty-five thousand.. All these — a total of 135,000 — were defeated by Gideon. Therefore it is stated, and they are the thousands of Menasheh. ” The intent of the Rabbis is to interpret that the phrase with them he shall gore the peoples all of them, even the ends of the earth is also an allusion to Joshua. The verse says that these ends of the earth which he [the tribe of Joseph] will gore, are the ten thousands that Ephraim — meaning Joshua — slew, and they are the [same] thousands slain afterwards by Menasheh. For Joshua slew them all [the nations], and of their descendants who arose after them Menasheh slew thousands from among them. Similarly it is taught there [in the Sifre]: 353. “With them he shall gore the …

Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · الترخيص: CC-BY · Full commentary on Sefaria

Sforno

English

בכור שורו, although Yehudah is the leader of the tribes, just as the lion is the leader of the free roaming beasts, the ox ranks first among the domesticated pure animals, as we know from a comment by our sages in Chagigah 13 that the lion is the king among the predators whereas the ox is the king among the domesticated animals. This makes Joseph rank second among twelve tribes. Compare Hoseah 13,1 כדבר אפרים רתת נשא הוא בישראל, “when Ephrayim spoke piety in Israel he was exalted.” The prophet spoke of the earlier generations such as when Joshua was the leader, when Ephrayim was highly esteemed. in the eyes of G‘d as well as by the people.

הדר לו, even though he does not enjoy the official position of being Royalty, he is fit and deserving of such honours.

בהם עמים ינגח יחדו, he, together with the tribe of Yehudah, proving Royalty will prevail over many nations by locking horns with them. Compare Isaiah 11,13-14 “then Ephrayim’s envy shall cease and Yehudah’s harassment shall end; Ephrayim shall not envy Yehudah, and Yehudah shall not harass Ephrayim. They shall pounce on the back of the Philistines to the west and together they shall topple peoples of the east.”

Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · الترخيص: CC-BY · Full commentary on Sefaria