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31
1
בְּ֭רִית כָּרַ֣תִּי לְעֵינָ֑י וּמָ֥ה אֶ֝תְבּוֹנֵ֗ן עַל־בְּתוּלָֽה׃
I made a covenant with mine eyes; How then should I look upon a maid?
2
וּמֶ֤ה חֵ֣לֶק אֱל֣וֹהַּ מִמָּ֑עַל וְֽנַחֲלַ֥ת שַׁ֝דַּ֗י מִמְּרֹמִֽים׃
For what would be the portion of God from above, And the heritage of the Almighty from on high?
3
הֲלֹא־אֵ֥יד לְעַוָּ֑ל וְ֝נֵ֗כֶר לְפֹ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃
Is it not calamity to the unrighteous, And disaster to the workers of iniquity?
4
הֲלֹא־ה֭וּא יִרְאֶ֣ה דְרָכָ֑י וְֽכׇל־צְעָדַ֥י יִסְפּֽוֹר׃
Doth not He see my ways, And count all my steps?
5
אִם־הָלַ֥כְתִּי עִם־שָׁ֑וְא וַתַּ֖חַשׁ עַל־מִרְמָ֣ה רַגְלִֽי׃
If I have walked with vanity, And my foot hath hasted to deceit—
6
יִשְׁקְלֵ֥נִי בְמֹֽאזְנֵי־צֶ֑דֶק וְיֵדַ֥ע אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַּ תֻּמָּתִֽי׃
Let me be weighed in a just balance, That God may know mine integrity—
7
אִ֥ם־תִּטֶּ֣ה אַשֻּׁרִי֮ מִנִּ֢י הַ֫דָּ֥רֶךְ וְאַחַ֣ר עֵ֭ינַי הָלַ֣ךְ לִבִּ֑י וּ֝בְכַפַּ֗י דָּ֣בַק מֽאוּם׃
If my step hath turned out of the way, And my heart walked after mine eyes, And if any spot hath cleaved to my hands;
8
אֶ֭זְרְעָה וְאַחֵ֣ר יֹאכֵ֑ל וְֽצֶאֱצָאַ֥י יְשֹׁרָֽשׁוּ׃
Then let me sow, and let another eat; Yea, let the produce of my field be rooted out.
9
אִם־נִפְתָּ֣ה לִ֭בִּי עַל־אִשָּׁ֑ה וְעַל־פֶּ֖תַח רֵעִ֣י אָרָֽבְתִּי׃
If my heart have been enticed unto a woman, And I have lain in wait at my neighbour’s door;
10
תִּטְחַ֣ן לְאַחֵ֣ר אִשְׁתִּ֑י וְ֝עָלֶ֗יהָ יִכְרְע֥וּן אֲחֵרִֽין׃
Then let my wife grind unto another, And let others bow down upon her. .
11
כִּי־[הִ֥יא] (הוא) זִמָּ֑ה (והיא) [וְ֝ה֗וּא] עָוֺ֥ן פְּלִילִֽים׃
For that were a heinous crime; Yea, it were an iniquity to be punished by the judges.
12
כִּ֤י אֵ֣שׁ הִ֭יא עַד־אֲבַדּ֣וֹן תֹּאכֵ֑ל וּֽבְכׇל־תְּב֖וּאָתִ֣י תְשָׁרֵֽשׁ׃
For it is a fire that consumeth unto destruction, And would root out all mine increase.
13
אִם־אֶמְאַ֗ס מִשְׁפַּ֣ט עַ֭בְדִּי וַאֲמָתִ֑י בְּ֝רִבָ֗ם עִמָּדִֽי׃
If I did despise the cause of my man-servant, Or of my maid-servant, when they contended with me—
14
וּמָ֣ה אֶ֭עֱשֶׂה כִּֽי־יָק֣וּם אֵ֑ל וְכִי־יִ֝פְקֹ֗ד מָ֣ה אֲשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ׃
What then shall I do when God riseth up? And when He remembereth, what shall I answer Him?
15
הֲֽלֹא־בַ֭בֶּטֶן עֹשֵׂ֣נִי עָשָׂ֑הוּ וַ֝יְכֻנֶ֗נּוּ בָּרֶ֥חֶם אֶחָֽד׃
Did not He that made me in the womb make him? And did not One fashion us in the womb?
16
אִם־אֶ֭מְנַע מֵחֵ֣פֶץ דַּלִּ֑ים וְעֵינֵ֖י אַלְמָנָ֣ה אֲכַלֶּֽה׃
If I have withheld aught that the poor desired, Or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;
17
וְאֹכַ֣ל פִּתִּ֣י לְבַדִּ֑י וְלֹֽא־אָכַ֖ל יָת֣וֹם מִמֶּֽנָּה׃
Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, And the fatherless hath not eaten thereof—
18
כִּ֣י מִ֭נְּעוּרַי גְּדֵלַ֣נִי כְאָ֑ב וּמִבֶּ֖טֶן אִמִּ֣י אַנְחֶֽנָּה׃
Nay, from my youth he grew up with me as with a father, And I have been her guide from my mother’s womb.
19
אִם־אֶרְאֶ֣ה א֭וֹבֵד מִבְּלִ֣י לְב֑וּשׁ וְאֵ֥ין כְּ֝ס֗וּת לָאֶבְיֽוֹן׃
If I have seen any wanderer in want of clothing, Or that the needy had no covering;
20
אִם־לֹ֣א בֵרְכ֣וּנִי חֲלָצָ֑ו וּמִגֵּ֥ז כְּ֝בָשַׂ֗י יִתְחַמָּֽם׃
If his loins have not blessed me, And if he were not warmed with the fleece of my sheep;
21
אִם־הֲנִיפ֣וֹתִי עַל־יָת֣וֹם יָדִ֑י כִּֽי־אֶרְאֶ֥ה בַ֝שַּׁ֗עַר עֶזְרָתִֽי׃
If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, Because I saw my help in the gate;
22
כְּ֭תֵפִי מִשִּׁכְמָ֣הֿ תִפּ֑וֹל וְ֝אֶזְרֹעִ֗י מִקָּנָ֥הֿ תִשָּׁבֵֽר׃
Then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder-blade, And mine arm be broken from the bone.
23
כִּ֤י פַ֣חַד אֵ֭לַי אֵ֣יד אֵ֑ל וּ֝מִשְּׂאֵת֗וֹ לֹ֣א אוּכָֽל׃
For calamity from God was a terror to me, And by reason of His majesty I could do nothing.
24
אִם־שַׂ֣מְתִּי זָהָ֣ב כִּסְלִ֑י וְ֝לַכֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽי׃
If I have made gold my hope, And have said to the fine gold: ‘Thou art my confidence’;
25
אִם־אֶ֭שְׂמַח כִּֽי־רַ֣ב חֵילִ֑י וְכִֽי־כַ֝בִּ֗יר מָצְאָ֥ה יָדִֽי׃
If I rejoiced because my wealth was great, And because my hand had gotten much;
26
אִם־אֶרְאֶ֣ה א֭וֹר כִּ֣י יָהֵ֑ל וְ֝יָרֵ֗חַ יָקָ֥ר הֹלֵֽךְ׃
If I beheld the sun when it shined, Or the moon walking in brightness;
27
וַיִּ֣פְתְּ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר לִבִּ֑י וַתִּשַּׁ֖ק יָדִ֣י לְפִֽי׃
And my heart hath been secretly enticed, And my mouth hath kissed my hand;
28
גַּם־ה֭וּא עָוֺ֣ן פְּלִילִ֑י כִּֽי־כִחַ֖שְׁתִּי לָאֵ֣ל מִמָּֽעַל׃
This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judges; For I should have lied to God that is above.
29
אִם־אֶ֭שְׂמַח בְּפִ֣יד מְשַׂנְאִ֑י וְ֝הִתְעֹרַ֗רְתִּי כִּֽי־מְצָ֥אוֹ רָֽע׃
If I rejoiced at the destruction of him that hated me, Or exulted when evil found him—
30
וְלֹא־נָתַ֣תִּי לַחֲטֹ֣א חִכִּ֑י לִשְׁאֹ֖ל בְּאָלָ֣ה נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃
Yea, I suffered not my mouth to sin By asking his life with a curse.
31
אִם־לֹ֣א אָ֭מְרוּ מְתֵ֣י אׇהֳלִ֑י מִי־יִתֵּ֥ן מִ֝בְּשָׂר֗וֹ לֹ֣א נִשְׂבָּֽע׃
If the men of my tent said not: ‘Who can find one that hath not been satisfied with his meat?’ .
32
בַּ֭חוּץ לֹא־יָלִ֣ין גֵּ֑ר דְּ֝לָתַ֗י לָאֹ֥רַח אֶפְתָּֽח׃
The stranger did not lodge in the street; My doors I opened to the roadside.
33
אִם־כִּסִּ֣יתִי כְאָדָ֣ם פְּשָׁעָ֑י לִטְמ֖וֹן בְּחֻבִּ֣י עֲוֺנִֽי׃
If after the manner of men I covered my transgressions, By hiding mine iniquity in my bosom—
34
כִּ֤י אֶעֱר֨וֹץ ׀ הָ֘מ֤וֹן רַבָּ֗ה וּבוּז־מִשְׁפָּח֥וֹת יְחִתֵּ֑נִי וָ֝אֶדֹּ֗ם לֹא־אֵ֥צֵא פָֽתַח׃
Because I feared the great multitude, And the most contemptible among families terrified me, So that I kept silence, and went not out of the door.
35
מִ֤י יִתֶּן־לִ֨י ׀ שֹׁ֘מֵ֤עַֽ לִ֗י הֶן־תָּ֭וִי שַׁדַּ֣י יַעֲנֵ֑נִי וְסֵ֥פֶר כָּ֝תַ֗ב אִ֣ישׁ רִיבִֽי׃
Oh that I had one to hear me!— Lo, here is my signature, let the Almighty answer me— And that I had the indictment which mine adversary hath written!
36
אִם־לֹ֣א עַל־שִׁ֭כְמִי אֶשָּׂאֶ֑נּוּ אֶעֶנְדֶ֖נּוּ עֲטָר֣וֹת לִֽי׃
Surely I would carry it upon my shoulder; I would bind it unto me as a crown.
37
מִסְפַּ֣ר צְ֭עָדַי אַגִּידֶ֑נּוּ כְּמוֹ־נָ֝גִ֗יד אֲקָֽרְבֶֽנּוּ׃
I would declare unto him the number of my steps; As a prince would I go near unto him.
38
אִם־עָ֭לַי אַדְמָתִ֣י תִזְעָ֑ק וְ֝יַ֗חַד תְּלָמֶ֥יהָ יִבְכָּיֽוּן׃
If my land cry out against me, And the furrows thereof weep together;
39
אִם־כֹּ֭חָהּ אָכַ֣לְתִּי בְלִי־כָ֑סֶף וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ בְּעָלֶ֣יהָ הִפָּֽחְתִּי׃
If I have eaten the fruits thereof without money, Or have caused the tillers thereof to be disappointed—
40
תַּ֤חַת חִטָּ֨ה ׀ יֵ֥צֵא ח֗וֹחַ וְתַֽחַת־שְׂעֹרָ֥ה בׇאְשָׁ֑ה תַּ֝֗מּוּ דִּבְרֵ֥י אִיּֽוֹב׃ {פ}
Let thistles grow instead of wheat, And noisome weeds instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.
Let thistles grow instead of wheat, And noisome weeds instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.
Miqra according to the Masorah · الترخيص: CC BY-SA · المصدر
The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917) · الترخيص: Public Domain · المصدر
كلمة بكلمة (Hebrew → English · Strong’s)
- תִּטְחַ֣ןṭâchanto grind meal
- לְאַחֵ֣רʼachêrhinder
- אִשְׁתִּ֑יʼishshâha woman
- וְ֝עָלֶ֗יהָʻalabove
- יִכְרְע֥וּןkâraʻto bend the knee
- אֲחֵרִֽיןʼachêrhinder
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (CC BY 4.0); Strong’s Hebrew Dictionary (CC BY-SA).
Job 31:10 in every translation
עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah
תִּטְחַ֣ן לְאַחֵ֣ר אִשְׁתִּ֑י וְ֝עָלֶ֗יהָ יִכְרְע֥וּן אֲחֵרִֽין׃
الترخيص: CC BY-SA
English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)
Then let my wife grind unto another, And let others bow down upon her. .
الترخيص: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra
תִּטְחַ֣ן לְאַחֵ֣ר אִשְׁתִּ֑י וְ֝עָלֶ֗יהָ יִכְרְע֥וּן אֲחֵרִֽין׃
الترخيص: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Text Only
תטחן לאחר אשתי ועליה יכרעון אחרין
الترخيص: Public Domain
עברית · Tanach with Nikkud
תִּטְחַן לְאַחֵר אִשְׁתִּי וְעָלֶיהָ יִכְרְעוּן אֲחֵרִין׃
الترخيص: Public Domain
English · The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein
then let my wife be "ground" by another and let others kneel over her.
الترخيص: CC BY
Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]
que ma propre femme tourne la meule pour un autre! Que des étrangers aient commerce avec elle!
الترخيص: Public Domain
Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]
Dann möge sich mein Weib einem Fremden preisgeben, dass Fremde sich auf sie niederwerfen.
الترخيص: Public Domain
Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]
Niechaj miele innemu żona moja, a niechaj się schylają inni nad nią.
الترخيص: Public Domain
ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]
זאָל מאָלן פֿאַר אַן אַנדערן מײַן װײַב, און אַנדערע זאָלן קניִען איבער איר.
الترخيص: Public Domain
Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]
Tiam mia edzino estu adultigata de aliulo, Kaj aliuloj kliniĝu super ŝi.
الترخيص: Public Domain
Commentary on Job 31:10
Rashi
English
may my wife grind for someone else Our Sages explained this as an expression of sexual intercourse, as in (Jud. 16:21), “and he did grind in the prison house.”
The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg · الترخيص: CC-BY · Full commentary on Sefaria
Ibn Ezra
עברית
תטחן - דמה המשכב לשני טוחנות, נו"ן אחרין במקום מ"ם, כמו: לקץ הימין, קח לך חטין.
Ibn Ezra on Job -- Daat · الترخيص: Public Domain · Full commentary on Sefaria
Ralbag (Gersonides)
עברית
תטחן לאחר אשתי. הוא מענין טחינה ברחים:
On Your Way · الترخيص: Public Domain · Full commentary on Sefaria